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India's Five Year Plans

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Complete Study Notes — Every Point, Every Plan, Real-Life Examples

Sunny Rise · Lecture 11 · SSC Exam Ready

📋 Table of Contents

Pre-Independence Plans Planning Commission & NDC Goals of Five Year Plans 1st FYP (1951–56) 2nd FYP (1956–61) 3rd FYP (1961–66) Plan Holiday (1966–69) 4th FYP (1969–74) 5th FYP (1974–78) Rolling Plan (1978–80) 6th FYP (1980–85) 7th FYP (1985–90) Annual Plans (1990–92) 8th FYP (1992–97) 9th FYP (1997–02) 10th FYP (2002–07) 11th FYP (2007–12) 12th FYP (2012–17) NITI Aayog Industrial Policy Resolutions

📜 Pre-Independence Planning

🏛️ Evolution of Planning in India (Before 1947)

Planning in India began before independence — different thinkers proposed their own economic blueprints.

Year Plan / Committee Proposer / Chairman Key Idea
1934 Visvesvaraya Plan M. Visvesvaraya First ever blueprint for Indian planning. Book: "Planned Economy for India"
1938 National Planning Committee (NPC) J.L. Nehru (Chairman) Formed by Subhash Chandra Bose (INC President). First national plan attempt.
1944 Bombay Plan J.R.D. Tata & Leading Capitalists "A Plan of Economic Development for India" – Two parts (1944 & 1945)
1944 Gandhian Plan S.N. Agarwal Decentralised economy, self-contained villages, cottage industries, minimal state control
1945 People's Plan M.N. Roy Based on Marxist Socialism. Agriculture + land nationalisation. Roy also founded CPI in Tashkent (1920), formalised in Kanpur (1925)
1950 Sarvodaya Plan J.P. Narayan By Jayaprakash Narayan (founder of Congress Socialist Party, 1934). First blueprint for Independent India's planned development.

🏢 Post-Independence Planning Bodies

🏛️ Planning Commission (1950)
  • Established: March 1950
  • Nature: Extra-Constitutional + Non-Statutory body (not in Constitution, not made by Parliament)
  • Function: Design and formulate the Five-Year Plans
  • Chairman: Prime Minister (Ex-officio)
  • Deputy Chairman: Appointed by PM
  • Members: Cabinet Ministers + Planning Minister
  • Dissolved: 2014 → replaced by NITI Aayog on 1st Jan 2015
🏛️ National Development Council (NDC)
  • Established: August 1952
  • Function: Approve and implement the Five-Year Plans (designed by Planning Commission)
  • Chairman: Prime Minister
Easy trick: Planning Commission = बनाने वाला | NDC = approve करने वाला
🌍 Inspiration: USSR

The concept of Five-Year Plans was borrowed from the USSR (Soviet Union). Joseph Stalin first introduced it there in 1928 to industrialise Soviet Union.

💡 Real-Life Example

Just like a family makes a 5-year plan — "pehle ghar banao, phir bache ki padhai, phir business shuru karo" — India also made step-by-step plans. USSR was already doing this successfully, so India copied the idea!

🎯 Goals of Five Year Plans

Four main objectives (remember: G-M-S-E)

📈
Growth
GDP mein increase
⚙️
Modernisation
New technology adopt karo
🏭
Self-reliance
Import kam, domestic production zyada
⚖️
Equity
Sabka development
Perspective Plan: Five-Year Plans also had a long-term (20-year) vision called the Perspective Plan.
🔄 Development Strategies: Inward vs Outward Looking

🔒 Inward-Looking Strategy

  • Part of the broader trend of de-globalisation
  • Supports local industries through protective measures
  • Protects domestic jobs from foreign competition
  • Uses tariffs and subsidies to shield domestic producers
  • Limits foreign competition
  • Emphasises self-sufficiency
  • Focuses on import substitution industrialisation (ISI)
  • Aims to reduce trade deficits

🌐 Outward-Looking Strategy

  • Integral to globalisation
  • Encourages free trade and removal of trade barriers
  • Welcomes foreign investment
  • Promotes global integration
  • Prioritises economic efficiency through competition
  • Facilitates technological innovation
  • Embraces export-oriented industrialisation
  • Seeks comparative advantage in global markets
💡 Real-Life Example

Inward: Jaise pehle India mein foreign cars allowed nahi thi — Maruti banti thi, Maruti chalti thi! Ye inward strategy thi. | Outward: Aaj India mein Toyota, Honda, BMW sab aate hain — ye outward/globalisation hai.

🌾 First Five-Year Plan

1st Five-Year Plan 1951–1956
Duration
1951 – 1956
Model
Harrod-Domar Model
Prime Minister
Jawaharlal Nehru
Primary Focus
Agriculture & Irrigation

📊 Performance

Target Growth2.1%
Achieved Growth3.6% ✔
🏆 Highly Successful

⚡ Context — Why Agriculture First?

  • India just got independence — there was a food shortage crisis
  • Huge influx of refugees from Pakistan partition — needed to feed them
  • Primary Sector (farming) needed immediate attention

🏗️ Key Developments & Projects

  • Bhakra Nangal Dam: On Sutlej River — Highest gravity dam of India
  • Hirakud Dam: On Mahanadi River, Odisha — Longest dam of India
  • Nagarjuna Sagar Dam: On Krishna River
  • IIT Kharagpur (1951): First IIT established. Others followed: IIT Bombay (1958), IIT Kanpur (1959), IIT Madras (1959), IIT Delhi (1961)
  • Land to the Tiller: Ownership rights given to actual cultivators → abolished Zamindari system
  • Community Development Programme (CDP): Launched 1952 for rural development
  • Land Ceiling Act: Land reforms started in 1st Plan, but specific Land Ceiling Act was enacted in 1976
💡 Real-Life Example

Socho ek naya ghar khareeda — pehle kitchen aur bathroom banate hain (basic needs first). Usi tarah India ne independence ke baad pehle food production par dhyan diya. Bhakra Nangal Dam = aaj bhi Punjab, Haryana aur Rajasthan ko paani deta hai!

🏭 Second Five-Year Plan

2nd Five-Year Plan 1956–1961
Duration
1956 – 1961
Model
P.C. Mahalanobis (Nehru-Mahalanobis)
Prime Minister
Jawaharlal Nehru
Primary Focus
Rapid Industrialisation (Heavy Industries)

📊 Performance

Target Growth4.5%
Achieved Growth4.3% ≈
⚠️ Moderately Successful (narrowly missed)

🏗️ Key Developments

  • 3 Steel Plants set up:
    ① Rourkela Steel Plant (RSP) — 1959, Odisha — German collaboration
    ② Durgapur Steel Plant (DSP) — 1959, West Bengal — British collaboration
    ③ Bhilai Steel Plant (BSP) — 1955, Chhattisgarh — USSR collaboration
  • Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 (2nd IPR) was the foundational policy for this plan
  • Karve Committee (1955): Also known as Village & Small-Scale Industries Committee. Chairman: D.G. Karve. Goal: Promote rural development through small-scale industries alongside heavy industrialisation
👨‍🔬

About P.C. Mahalanobis — Chief Architect of Indian Planning

  • Birth Anniversary: 29 June → celebrated as Statistics Day
  • Founded: Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata
  • Started journal: Sankhya
💡 Real-Life Example

Ghar ban gaya (1st plan), ab factory lagao — kapde, steel, machines bano. Jaise Rourkela Steel Plant aaj bhi India ka important steel producer hai. Bhilai — RSS-wala nahi, Bhilai Steel Plant wala! 😄 USSR ne help ki aur aaj bhi Bhilai ek major industrial town hai.

⚠️ Third Five-Year Plan

3rd Five-Year Plan 1961–1966
Duration
1961 – 1966
Model
Gadgil Formula / Gadgil Yojana (also John Sandy & Sukhamoy Chakravarty)
Prime Minister
Jawaharlal Nehru
Primary Focus
Self-reliant & self-generating economy

📊 Performance

Target Growth5.6%
Achieved Growth2.8% ✗
💥 Disastrous Failure — Most Failed Plan

💥 Reasons for Failure — Triple Shock

  • Indo-China War (1962): Diverted funds from development to defence
  • Indo-Pak War (1965): Further drained resources
  • Severe Drought (1965–66): Massive food crisis

🏗️ Key Developments

  • Food Corporation of India (FCI): Established 14 January 1965
  • Agricultural Prices Commission (APC): Set up 1 January 1965 — recommends Minimum Support Prices (MSP). Later renamed CACP (Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices)
  • Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI): 1 July 1964
  • Unit Trust of India (UTI): 1963 (by Act of Parliament) → Established 1 February 1964
  • PL 480 Scheme: India imported wheat from USA to alleviate hunger and poverty
⚠️ Most asked in SSC: 3rd FYP = सबसे ज़्यादा fail हुई। Triple shock = China war + Pakistan war + Drought
💡 Real-Life Example

Socho tum apne business ka plan bana rahe the, lekin achanak 2 baar road accident ho gaya + badi bimari bhi aa gayi — sab paisa chala gaya. Usi tarah India ka 3rd plan tha — do wars + ek bada drought = complete failure. PL 480 = America se udhaar ka anaj maangna pada!

⏸️ Plan Holiday (1966–1969)

⏸️ Plan Holiday — No Five-Year Plan for 3 Years!
💡 Real-Life Example

Jab exams mein bahut zyada fail ho jao toh gap year lete hain — self-study, coaching, preparation. Usi tarah India ne 3 saal ka "gap" liya aur agriculture ko sudhara. Green Revolution ki wajah se Punjab aaj bhi "India ka anaj ka bhandaar" hai!

🌱 Fourth Five-Year Plan

4th Five-Year Plan 1969–1974
Duration
1969 – 1974
Model
Gadgil Formula / Rudra-Allen Model (Rudra Manne Model)
Prime Minister
Indira Gandhi
President
V.V. Giri
Primary Focus
"Growth with Stability" + Progressive Self-Reliance

📊 Performance

Target Growth5.6%
Achieved Growth3.3% ✗
✗ Failed

⚡ Key Initiatives & Reforms

  • Family Planning Programme was introduced
  • 14 major banks nationalised — 1969 (famous step by Indira Gandhi)
  • First Underground Nuclear Test: "Smiling Buddha" — 1974 in Pokhran
  • Drought Prone Area Programme — 1973–74
💡 Real-Life Example

"Garibi Hatao" ki nींव यहीं से। Indira Gandhi ne 14 banks nationalise kiye — matlab sarkar ne private banks ko apne haath mein le liya taaki common people ko loan mil sake. "Smiling Buddha" = India ka first nuclear test — code name bahut cute tha but kaam khatarnak tha! 😄

💼 Fifth Five-Year Plan

5th Five-Year Plan 1974–1978
Duration
1974–1978 (Only 4 years!)
Model
D.P. Dhar Model
Prime Minister
Indira Gandhi
Primary Focus
Employment + Poverty Alleviation (Garibi Hatao)
⭐ IMPORTANT: Only Five-Year Plan that lasted just 4 years — terminated 1 year early by Janata Party government (1977)

📊 Performance

Target Growth4.4%
Achieved Growth4.8% ✓
✓ Moderately Successful

⚡ Key Initiatives & Schemes

  • Garibi Hatao slogan: Given by Indira Gandhi — poverty alleviation main focus
  • Regional Rural Banks (RRBs): Set up 1975 — to bring banking to villages
  • 20 Points Programme (1975): Aimed to reduce poverty and improve quality of life
  • Minimum Needs Programme (1974): Basic needs (food, shelter, education) for poor
  • Hill Area Development Programme: Development of hilly regions
  • Attainment of self-reliance was a key goal
💡 Real-Life Example

Regional Rural Banks = Aaj bhi Grameen Bank jaisi soch. Gaon ke kisan ko bank se loan milna chahiye — yahi socha gaya. RRBs aaj India ke har district mein hain. "Garibi Hatao" = Indira Gandhi ka best political slogan, jo aaj bhi yaad hai!

🔄 Rolling Plan (1978–1980)

🔄 Rolling Plan
Target Growth5.2%
Achieved Growth5.7% ✔
✔ Successful

⚡ Key Schemes

  • TRYSEM — Training Rural Youth for Self-Employment
  • IRDP — Integrated Rural Development Programme (assets transfer)
  • NREP — National Rural Employment Program (slack season employment)
  • RLEGP — Rural Landless Labour Employment Guarantee Programme — Launched 15 August 1983
  • NABARD (National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development) — Established 12 July 1982, on the recommendation of B. Sivaraman Committee

📡 Sixth Five-Year Plan

6th Five-Year Plan 1980–1985
Duration
1980 – 1985
Prime Minister
Indira Gandhi
Note
Rolling Plan abandoned; FYP reinstated

📊 Performance

Target Growth5.2%
Achieved Growth5.7% ✔
✔ Successful

🎯 Primary Focus

  • Increase in National Income
  • Modernisation of technology
  • Decrease poverty and unemployment (skill transfer schemes)
💡 Real-Life Example

Indira Gandhi phir waapas aayi power mein (1980) aur Rolling Plan band karke proper Five-Year Plan shuru kiya. NABARD ki sthapna isi daur mein — aaj bhi NABARD rural India ka financial backbone hai!

💻 Seventh Five-Year Plan

7th Five-Year Plan 1985–1990
Duration
1985 – 1990
Prime Minister
Rajiv Gandhi
Primary Focus
Food · Work · Productivity

📊 Performance

Target Growth5%
Achieved Growth6% ✔
✔ Successful

🎯 Primary Focus — Three Pillars

  • Food: Accelerating food grain production
  • Work: Generating employment opportunities
  • Productivity: Economic productivity through "Social Justice"

⚡ Key Developments

  • Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (1989): Formed by merging NREP + RLEGP
  • Department of Biotechnology set up by GOI
📉 Hindu Rate of Growth (1978)
  • Term given by: Prof. Raj Krishna
  • Signified: Low economic growth of India
  • Period: 1960–1980 — India had slow economic growth rate (~3.5%)
💡 Real-Life Example

Rajiv Gandhi = India mein computer revolution laane wale PM. 7th plan mein Biotechnology Department bana — aaj India is department ke karan vaccines, medicines export karta hai! Jawahar Rozgar Yojana = gaon ke loge ko sarkar ka kaam = MGNREGA ka baap!

📋 Annual Plans (1990–1992)

📋 Annual Plans — No Five-Year Plan Again!
💡 Real-Life Example

1991 mein India ke paas itna paisa nahi tha ki import kar sake — sone ko girvi rakhna pada! Ye India ke liye ek bahut badi sharm thi. Isi wajah se Dr. Manmohan Singh ne economy open ki — aur India badal gaya! Ye wahi turning point tha.

🚀 Eighth Five-Year Plan — Game Changer!

8th Five-Year Plan 1992–1997
⭐ Called the "Game Changer Plan" — transformed Indian economy forever!
Duration
1992 – 1997
Model
Rao-Manmohan Model (LPG Model)
Prime Minister
P.V. Narasimha Rao
Finance Minister
Dr. Manmohan Singh
Primary Focus
Human Development + LPG Reforms

📊 Performance

Target Growth5.6%
Achieved Growth6.8% ✔✔
🏆 Highly Successful

⚡ Key Features

  • New Indicative Policy: Government no longer dictates — only guides
  • Human Development: Focus on education, health, skills
  • Economic and Fiscal Reforms: Budget deficit control, taxes simplified
  • License Raj ENDED: Industries freed from government licensing
  • Public sector share declined: From dominant to just ~34% of total investment
  • Agriculture dependency: 65% population still in agriculture (1990), but GDP share had fallen significantly (67.5% in 1950 → 64.9% by 1990 in population terms)
💡 Real-Life Example

1991 mein India ka darwaza khula — foreign companies aane lagi, MNCs aayi, Pepsi-Coca Cola India mein aaye, LG-Samsung factories lagi. Ye sabka credit 8th plan + Dr. Manmohan Singh ko jata hai. License Raj khatam = ab bakery kholne ke liye 10 government permissions nahi chahiye!

⚖️ Ninth Five-Year Plan

9th Five-Year Plan 1997–2002
Duration
1997 – 2002
Prime Minister
Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Primary Focus
Growth with Social Justice & Equality

📊 Performance

Target Growth6.5%
Achieved Growth5.4% ✗
✗ Failure

⚡ Key Points

  • After 9th FYP: Not much focus on public sector — private sector dependency grew
  • Pokhran-II (1998): Second nuclear test. Code Name: Operation Shakti

🌾 Tenth Five-Year Plan

10th Five-Year Plan 2002–2007
Duration
2002 – 2007
Prime Minister
Vajpayee & Manmohan Singh

📊 Performance

Target Growth8%
Achieved Growth7.6% ✗
✗ Failure (narrowly missed 8% target)

⚡ Key Initiatives

  • National Horticulture Mission (NHM): Promoted by government (fruits, vegetables, flowers)
  • Jute Technology Mission: Introduced
  • Micro Irrigation Programme: Drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation — save water
  • Social Goals: Reduce gender gaps in literacy & wage rate, reduce Infant & Maternal mortality, improve access to potable drinking water, clean major polluted rivers
  • India emerged as one of the fastest growing economies by end of 10th Plan
💡 Real-Life Example

Micro Irrigation = Drip Irrigation. Israel se seekha — ek-ek boond paani se fasal ugao. Aaj Maharashtra, Gujarat mein drip irrigation se aam, angoor export hote hain. National Horticulture Mission = banana, tomato, flower exports badhe!

🌏 Eleventh Five-Year Plan

11th Five-Year Plan 2007–2012
Duration
2007 – 2012
Prime Minister
Dr. Manmohan Singh
Primary Focus
Rapid and More Inclusive Growth

📊 Performance

Target Growth9%
Achieved Growth8% ✗
✗ Failure (Global Financial Crisis 2008 impact)
Note: Global financial crisis (2008 Lehman Brothers collapse) overlapped with this plan period — affected India's growth targets.

♻️ Twelfth Five-Year Plan — Last Ever!

12th Five-Year Plan — Last FYP 2012–2017
Duration
2012 – 2017
Prime Minister
Dr. Manmohan Singh
Primary Focus
Faster, More Inclusive & Sustainable Growth
Target Growth
8%
End of an Era: After this plan, Planning Commission was dissolved (2014) and replaced by NITI Aayog (1st Jan 2015). Five-Year Plans were discontinued.

📊 All Plans — Quick Reference Table

PlanPeriodPMFocusTargetAchievedResult
1st1951–56NehruAgriculture2.1%3.6%✔ Great
2nd1956–61NehruHeavy Industry4.5%4.3%≈ Moderate
3rd1961–66NehruSelf-reliance5.6%2.8%✗ Worst
⏸️ Plan Holiday (1966–69)
4th1969–74Indira G.Growth+Stability5.6%3.3%✗ Failed
5th1974–78Indira G.Poverty/Employment4.4%4.8%✓ Moderate
🔄 Rolling Plan (1978–80) — Janata Party
6th1980–85Indira G.National Income5.2%5.7%✔ Success
7th1985–90Rajiv G.Food/Work/Productivity5%6%✔ Success
📋 Annual Plans (1990–92) — BoP Crisis + LPG Reforms
8th1992–97PVN RaoLPG/Human Dev.5.6%6.8%🏆 Game Changer
9th1997–02VajpayeeSocial Justice6.5%5.4%✗ Failed
10th2002–07Vajpayee/MMSNHM/Irrigation8%7.6%✗ Failed
11th2007–12MMSInclusive Growth9%8%✗ Failed
12th2012–17MMSSustainable Growth8%—Last FYP

🏛️ NITI Aayog

🏛️ NITI Aayog — National Institution for Transforming India
💡 Real-Life Example

Planning Commission = Purana school principal jo sab decide karta tha. NITI Aayog = Nayi advisory board jo suggest karti hai, lekin final decision government ka. NITI Aayog reports — jaise SDG India Index, Health Index — states ki ranking karti hai taaki competition ho!

🏭 Industrial Policy Resolutions (IPR)

📋 What is IPR?

Policy frameworks set by Indian government to regulate industrial growth, define the role of public/private sectors, and promote economic development.

🔴 1st IPR, 1948

  • Led by: Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee (Industry & Commerce Minister)
  • Declared India as a Mixed Economy
  • Started License Raj
  • Laid foundation for public sector dominance

Industries divided in 4 groups:

🚂 Strategic (Public) — Railways, Defence, Atomic ⚙️ Basic (Public-Pvt) — Coal, Steel, Aircraft 🏭 Regulated Pvt — Sugar, Cement, Textiles 🛒 Other (Pvt/Coop) — Consumer goods, SSI

🟠 2nd IPR, 1956 — "Economic Constitution of India"

  • Also called: "Economic Constitution of India"
  • Framework for socialist industrial growth
  • Foundational policy for India's 2nd Five-Year Plan
Schedule A — 17 Industries (Public Sector Monopoly)

Aviation, Atomic energy, Railways, Arms & Ammunition, Steel & Iron

Schedule B — 12 Industries (Public & Private)

Aluminium, Machine tools, Chemicals, etc.

Schedule C — All Other Industries (Private)

Consumer goods, Textiles, Automobiles, etc.

🟡 3rd IPR, 1977 (Extension of 1956)

  • Introduced by: Morarji Desai Government (Janata Party)
  • Emphasised growth of Small-Scale Industries (SSI)
  • Introduced "Tiny Unit" concept: Small enterprises with investment below ₹1 lakh
  • Restrictions on MNCs — focus on self-reliance

🔵 4th IPR, 1980

  • Introduced by: Indira Gandhi Government
  • Shifted focus back to heavy industries
  • Encouraged foreign technology transfer — FERA Act 1973
  • MRTP Act 1969 amended (removed asset threshold limits)
  • Investment limit for tiny unit increased to ₹2 lakhs

🟢 5th IPR, 1991 — New Industrial Policy (Economic Liberalisation)

  • Announced by: P.V. Narasimha Rao govt, led by Dr. Manmohan Singh
  • End of License Raj: Most industries freed from licensing requirements
  • Privatisation: Disinvestment in PSUs (Public Sector Undertakings)
  • FDI opened: Foreign Direct Investment allowed in key industries
  • LPG Reforms: Liberalisation + Privatisation + Globalisation
  • Exit policy for sick private sector units — smooth exit without hurting labour welfare
🤝 Joint Sector + Key Economic Terms
  • Joint Sector: Partnership between public sector (government) and private sector. Dutta Committee recommended establishment of Joint Venture Sector in Indian industry
  • FDI (Foreign Direct Investment): Investment from another country into a local business (e.g., Samsung building factory in India)
  • Shell Company: A company that exists only on paper — no real business operations
  • Round Tripping: Domestic money leaves the country and returns as "Foreign Investment" — a way to launder black money as FDI
💡 Real-Life Example

FDI: Amazon building warehouses in India = FDI. | Shell Company: Ek naam ki company jo bas tax bachane ke liye bani — koi office nahi, koi employee nahi. | Round Tripping: Kaala paisa Mauritius bhejo, wahan se "FDI" ke roop mein India mein laao — yahi round tripping hai!

⭐ SSC Exam Must-Remember Points

Most Failed Plan: 3rd FYP (1961–66) — Triple Shock (China war + Pak war + Drought)
4-Year Plan (Shortest): 5th FYP (1974–78) — terminated early by Janata Party
Game Changer Plan: 8th FYP (1992–97) — LPG Model, Rao-Manmohan Model
FYP borrowed from: USSR — Stalin introduced it in 1928
Chief Architect: P.C. Mahalanobis — Statistics Day on 29 June
NITI Aayog: 1st Jan 2015 — replaced Planning Commission
2nd IPR 1956: "Economic Constitution of India" — 3 schedules (A, B, C)
Hirakud Dam: Longest dam — Mahanadi, Odisha | Bhakra Nangal: Highest gravity dam — Sutlej
Smiling Buddha (1974): First nuclear test | Operation Shakti / Pokhran-II (1998): Second
NABARD: 12 July 1982 — B. Sivaraman Committee recommendation
Hindu Rate of Growth: Concept by Prof. Raj Krishna (1978) — ~3.5% slow growth
IIT Kharagpur (1951): First IIT of India

Notes compiled from Sunny Rise — Lecture 11 · Five Year Plans · For SSC/UPSC Exam Preparation

STEP 5 • PRACTICE

📝 Chapter Practice

5 quick MCQs to check recall before you move to the next chapter.

0/5

1. According to the notes, which statement is correct about 📜 Pre-Independence Planning?

2. According to the notes, which statement is correct about 🏭 Second Five-Year Plan?

3. According to the notes, which statement is correct about 🔄 Rolling Plan (1978–1980)?

4. According to the notes, which statement is correct about ⚖️ Ninth Five-Year Plan?

5. According to the notes, which statement is correct about ⭐ SSC Exam Must-Remember Points?