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SUNNY RISEPolity • State Legislature • Exam Notes
STEP 5 • PRACTICE

📝 Chapter Practice

5 quick MCQs to check recall before you move to the next chapter.

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1. According to the notes, which statement is correct about State Executive — Articles 153–167?

2. According to the notes, which statement is correct about State Legislature — Articles 168–177?

3. According to the notes, which statement is correct about Disqualification & Privileges — Articles 191–195?

4. According to the notes, which statement is correct about State Legislative Bills — Articles 196–207?

5. According to the notes, which statement is correct about Procedure, Ordinance & Courts — Articles 208–237?

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PART VI • ARTICLES 152–237

State Legislature

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Roman Hindi: Governor, State Executive, Legislative Assembly/Council, presiding officers, disqualification, Bills, financial procedure aur ordinance ko complete source framing me explain kiya gaya hai.

English: Complete page-by-page source-based notes covering the State Executive and State Legislature.

Part VI & Union-to-State Mapping

Part VI: The States — Articles 152–237.

Source mapping: Articles 73–111 (Parliament) + 89 gives corresponding State Legislature articles; Articles 112–213 + 90 gives corresponding articles for State Legislature.
President → Governor
Parliament → State Legislature
Prime Minister → Chief Minister
Union CoM → State CoM
Attorney General → Advocate General
Consolidated Fund of India → Consolidated Fund of State
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State Executive — Articles 153–167

State Executive source ke anusaar Governor + Chief Minister + Council of Ministers + Advocate General se milkar banta hai.

Article 153 — Governor of States

Har State ke liye Governor. 7th Constitutional Amendment ne same person ko two or more States ka Governor appoint karne allow kiya.

Article 154 — Executive Power

State executive power Governor me vested; directly ya subordinate officers ke through exercise.

Article 155 — Appointment

Governor President dwara warrant under his hand and seal se appointed.

Convention: Governor us State ka domiciled na ho; CM consulted ho — source.

Article 156 — Term

  • President ke pleasure tak office.
  • Resignation President ko.
  • Term 5 years from assuming office, subject to earlier removal/resignation.

Article 157 — Qualification

Citizen of India + completed 35 years.

Article 158 — Conditions of Office

  • Parliament/State Legislature member nahi; office enter karne se pehle seat vacate.
  • No office of profit.
  • Official residence without rent; emoluments/privileges Parliament determines.
  • Multiple States me emoluments Presidential order ke according shared.
  • Emoluments/allowances tenure ke dauran reduce nahi.

Article 159 — Oath

Chief Justice of High Court, or absent ho to senior-most judge, oath administer karta hai.

Article 160 — Contingencies

President contingencies me Governor functions discharge karne ke liye person appoint kar sakta hai.

Article 161 — Pardoning Power

Governor pardons, reprieves, respites, remissions grant ya sentences commute kar sakta hai.

Source says Governor cannot: pardon death sentence; use pardoning power against Martial Court sentences.

Article 162

State executive power un matters tak extend hoti hai jin par State Legislature laws bana sakti hai.

Article 163

CM-headed Council of Ministers Governor ko aid and advise karti hai. Source states CoM advice Governor par binding nahi.

Article 164 — Ministers

  • CM appointed by Governor; other Ministers on CM advice.
  • CoM collectively responsible to State Legislative Assembly.
  • Office and secrecy oath Governor administers.
  • MLA/MLC na banne wala Minister 6 consecutive months ke baad ceases.
  • Salaries/allowances State Legislature determines.

Article 165 — Advocate General

  • Governor appoints; High Court judge qualification.
  • State Government ko legal matters par advice.
  • Governor's pleasure tak office.

Article 166

All executive actions State Government ke Governor ke name me expressed.

Article 167

Chief Minister ka duty: Council of Ministers decisions Governor ko communicate karna.

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State Legislature — Articles 168–177

Article 168 — Constitution of Legislatures in States

Every State shall have a Legislature consisting of the Governor.

All States have Legislative Assembly. Source lists 6 bicameral States: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Telangana, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh.

Source note: 8 UTs me se 3 have Legislative Assembly — Delhi, Puducherry and J&K.

Article 169 — Creation/Abolition of Legislative Council

State Legislative Assembly special-majority resolution ke basis par Parliament simple majority se Legislative Council create/abolish kar sakta hai. Such law Article 368 amendment nahi maana jata — source.

Article 170 — Legislative Assembly Composition

  • Not less than 60 and not more than 500 members, direct election.
  • Constituencies roughly equal population-seat ratio.

Special cases shown: Goa, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim minimum 30; Mizoram 40; Nagaland 46.

Article 171 — Legislative Council Composition

Total members Assembly ke 1/3 se exceed nahi; minimum 40; indirectly elected.

  • 1/3 local authorities.
  • 1/12 graduates of 3 years or more.
  • 1/12 teachers with at least 3 years experience.
  • 1/3 elected by Legislative Assembly members.
  • 1/6 nominated by Governor: literature, science, art, cooperative movement, social service — source mnemonic Li SAS + Cooperative movement.

Article 172 — Duration

  • Legislative Assembly: 5 years from first meeting unless earlier dissolved.
  • Legislative Council: permanent; 1/3 retire every 2 years; member term 6 years.

Article 173 — Qualifications

  • Citizen of India.
  • Assembly minimum 25 years; Council 30 years.
  • Other qualifications prescribed by Parliament.

Article 174 — Sessions

Governor summons House; maximum gap between two sessions 6 months. Governor can prorogue Houses and dissolve Legislative Assembly.

Article 175

Governor may address/send message to Assembly, Council, or both Houses assembled together.

Article 176

General election ke baad first session aur each year ke first session ke commencement par Governor Legislature address karta hai.

Article 177

Ministers and Advocate General debates/proceedings me participate kar sakte hain, but House member na hon to vote nahi.

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Presiding Officers, Voting & Seats — Articles 178–190

Article 178

Legislative Assembly Speaker and Deputy Speaker elect karti hai.

Article 179

Speaker/Deputy Speaker vacation, resignation or removal; source says resolution passed by majority of Assembly members.

Article 180

Deputy Speaker acts as Speaker when office vacant or Speaker absent.

Article 181

Speaker/Deputy Speaker apne removal resolution ke consideration ke dauran preside nahi karte.

Article 182

Chairman and Deputy Chairman of Legislative Council.

Article 183

Chairman/Deputy Chairman vacation, resignation, removal; Speaker/Deputy Speaker provisions ke similar.

Article 184

Deputy Chairman acts as Chairman when office vacant or Chairman absent.

Article 185

Chairman/Deputy Chairman removal resolution ke consideration me preside nahi karte.

Article 186

Speaker, Deputy Speaker, Chairman, Deputy Chairman salaries/allowances State Legislature determines.

Article 187

State Legislature Secretariat appointed and regulated by State Legislature.

Article 188

Oath or Affirmation by Members.

Article 189 — Voting & Quorum

  • Questions majority of members present and voting se decided.
  • Source says Presiding Officer first instance vote + casting vote.
  • Legislature vacancies ke despite act kar sakti hai.
  • Quorum = total membership ka 10%.

Article 190 — Vacation of Seats

Seat vacated if person both Houses ka member, member resigns, ya disqualification ka subject ban jata hai.

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Disqualification & Privileges — Articles 191–195

Article 191 — Disqualification

  • Office of profit.
  • Unsound mind.
  • Undischarged insolvent.
  • Anti-defection laws or other Parliament-made laws ke under disqualified.

Article 192

Disqualification decision: Governor + ECI — source wording.

Article 193

Oath se pehle ya disqualified hote hue sitting/voting penalty: fine decided by Legislature — source.

Article 194

Powers, privileges and immunities of State Legislatures and their members.

Article 195

Salaries and allowances of members.

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State Legislative Bills — Articles 196–207

Article 196 — Introduction & Passing of Bills

  • Bicameral State me Bills either House me originate kar sakte hain.
  • Bill both Houses se pass and Governor assent ke baad law.
  • Ordinary Bill me Legislative Assembly has upper hand over Legislative Council.
  • Source: LC-originated Bill par LA disagree kare to Bill lapses; Part VI me Joint Sitting provision nahi.

Ordinary Bill originating in Legislative Assembly — Source Flow

Case 1: Assembly → Council → Governor assent → Act.

Case 2: Council Bill ko one time reconsideration ke liye return kar sakti hai. Assembly alter kare ya na kare, Bill again Council ko bhejti hai; Council ko pass karna hoga, then Governor assent.

Delay trap: LC ordinary Bill ko maximum 4 months delay kar sakti hai: 3 months first instance + 1 month second instance.

Article 197

Money Bill ke alawa Bills ke relation me Legislative Council powers par restriction.

Article 198 — Money Bill Procedure

  • Only Legislative Assembly me introduced.
  • Council recommendations ke liye; reject nahi kar sakti.
  • Within 14 days return, with or without recommendations; fail kare to original form me deemed passed.

Article 199

Definition of Money Bill.

Article 200

Assent to Bills by Governor.

Article 201

Bills reserved for President's consideration.

Article 202

Annual Financial Statement (Budget).

Article 203

Demands for Grants only Governor ki recommendation par.

Article 204

Appropriation Bills.

Article 205

Supplementary, Additional and Excess Grants.

Article 206

Votes on Account, Votes of Credit and Exceptional Grants.

Article 207

Special provisions for Financial Bills; source says Money Bills require Governor ki prior recommendation for introduction.

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Procedure, Ordinance & Courts — Articles 208–237

Article 208

Rules of Procedure.

Article 209

Regulation of Procedure relating to Financial Business.

Article 210

Language to be used in Legislature.

Article 211

Restriction on Discussion in Legislature.

Article 212

Courts not to inquire into Legislature Proceedings.

Article 213

Governor's power to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature.

Articles 214–231

High Courts.

Articles 233–237

Subordinate Courts.

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🧠 QUICK REVISION — HIGH RETENTION

🔢 Number Trap: Governor age 35 • term 5 years • Minister 6-month rule • Assembly 60–500 • LC minimum 40 and max 1/3 Assembly • Assembly age 25 / Council 30 • session gap 6 months • quorum 10% • ordinary Bill LC delay 3+1 months • Money Bill 14 days.
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